ABSTRACT
Resumen: El hermano sano en situaciones de cáncer infantil es con frecuencia un sujeto invisible para su familia, los profesionales de la salud y las instituciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear e integrar la literatura científica acerca de la experiencia del hermano del niño diagnosticado con cáncer. Se desarrolló una Scoping Review de 28 artículos publicados entre 2016 y 2020, en los idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Se incluyeron 12 estudios cualitativos, 15 cuantitativos y un estudio mixto. Frente a los hallazgos, se identificó que hay cambios en las relaciones entre hermanos, parentales y sociales, además de cambios personales y una oferta limitada de apoyo a los hermanos del niño con cáncer. Se concluye que el cáncer infantil afecta directamente a los miembros de la familia, incluido al hermano sano, quien enfrenta cambios drásticos en su vida que implican nuevas necesidades, sentimientos y conductas de riesgo. Se requiere una mayor investigación y abordaje acerca del impacto del cáncer infantil en hermanos sanos, así como el diseño de intervenciones que pongan de manifiesto la necesidad de hacer visible a este sujeto que sufre el daño colateral del cáncer infantil y que ha sido descuidado por su familia y por los profesionales en salud.
Abstract: The healthy brother in situations of childhood cancer is often an invisible individual for his family, for health professionals and institutions. The objective of this work was to map and integrate the scientific literature about the experience of the sibling of a child diagnosed with cancer. A Scoping Review of 28 articles published between 2016 and 2020, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, was developed. Twelve qualitative studies, 15 quantitative and one mixed study were included. Faced with the findings, it was identified that there are changes in the relationships between siblings, parental and social, in addition to personal changes and a limited offer of support to the siblings of the child with cancer. The conclusion drawn is that childhood cancer directly affects family members, including the healthy brother, who faces drastic changes in his life that imply new needs, feelings and risk behaviors. More research and a broader approach to the impact of childhood cancer on healthy siblings is required, as well as the design of interventions that highlight the need to make visible this individual who suffers the collateral damage of childhood cancer and who has been neglected by his family and health professionals.
Resumo: O irmão saudável em situação de câncer infantil é muitas vezes um sujeito invisível para sua família, profissionais de saúde e instituições. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear e integrar a literatura científica sobre a vivência do irmão de uma criança diagnosticada com câncer. Foi desenvolvida uma Scoping Review de 28 artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2020, em espanhol, inglês e português. Doze estudos qualitativos, 15 quantitativos e um misto foram incluídos. Diante dos achados, identificou-se que há mudanças nas relações entre irmãos, parentais e sociais, além de mudanças pessoais e uma oferta limitada de apoio aos irmãos da criança com câncer. Conclui-se que o câncer infantil atinge diretamente os familiares, incluindo o irmão sadio, que enfrenta mudanças drásticas em sua vida que implicam novas necessidades, sentimentos e comportamentos de risco. São necessárias mais pesquisas e abordagem sobre o impacto do câncer infantil em irmãos saudáveis, bem como o desenho de intervenções que evidenciem a necessidade de visibilizar esse sujeito que sofre os danos colaterais do câncer infantil e que tem sido negligenciado por sua família e profissionais de saúde.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The walking test of 6 minutes (6MW) is a test that merges the answer of different systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal muscle and neurosensorial) and offers an useful objective result to lead therapeutic measurements and stablish a prognosis, it's possible that the comorbid patient lowers their functional reserve and alters the result of the test not only because of the presence of pathologies cardiorespiratory, nevertheless, information about the correlation between the scores of comorbidity and the traveled distance in the 6MW is limited. Objective: Determine the correlation between the traveled distance in the 6MW and the scores of comorbidities of Charlson and Elixhauser. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made, in patients taken to the 6MW made between 2006 until March 2020, in a hospital of high complexity; there were included patients older than 18 years old, whose clinic history record and walk of 6 minutes were available. The index of Charlson and Elixhauser were calculated in the 6MW, a bivariate analysis was made between the antecedents of pathologies and the traveled distance, independently and adjusted, the spearman correlation coefficient was calculated for the different scores and the distance in meters of the 6MW, was considerate a significative p: <0,05. Results: to the final analysis 491 subjects entered, the average age was of 69 years old (sd: 14,9), 54% male, the 15,3% had an abnormal walk less than the 80% of the expected, the diseases that were considered had a statistically significant relation with the decrease of the distance in the 6MW were arterial hypertension (p: <0,001), chronic heart failure (p=0,037), heart arrhythmia (p=0,003), smoking (p=0,022), chronic pulmonary obstruction disease (p: <0,001), dementia (p=0,03diabetes mellitus with target organ damage (p=0,01), moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (p=0,012), obesity (p=0,036) y lymphoma (p=0,038 the spearman correlation coefficient between the traveled distances and Charlson was of -0,343 (IC95%:-0,420 -0,264)(p: < 0,001) and -0,213(IC95%:-0,285 -0,116)(p: <0,001) with the Elixhauser index. Conclusion: The distances walked in meters in the 6MW has a reverse low correlation with the comorbidity index, the diseases that were not cardiopulmonary and that related independently with changes in the traveled dist ance are smoking, dementia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and lymphoma. Key words: Comorbidities, Walk, Test, Cardiopulmonary, Charlson, Elixhauser